Eye coloring systems

ABSTRACT

A novel system for coloring the sclera of a human eye, including steps of accessing the sclera, drying a portion of the sclera, applying one or more colorants to the dried portion of the sclera, drying the colorant, and closing access to the sclera. The system avoids tattooing, implanting, and corneal modification. Permanent results may be obtained. Colorants may be coatings or stains.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/167,946 filed Jul. 3, 2008 by the same inventor.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to systems (methods, apparatuses, andtheir relationships) for changing the color of the eye, perhapspermanently, for cosmetic purposes. It is not related to tattooing or toimplants, nor to modifications of the cornea.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The human eye is a generally spherical structure, or eyeball, of aliving tissue called “sclera,” which is normally white. An opening inthe front of the eye, called a pupil, permits entry of light into theeyeball, through the lens of the eye and onto the retina. The size ofthe pupil is controlled by an iris, which has a natural color. Whenreference to a person's eye color is made in day-to-day conversation, itis normally the color of the iris that is referred to. In front of thepupil and iris is the cornea. Covering the front of the eyeball and theinner linings of the eyelids is a thin transparent tissue called theconjunctiva. The conjunctiva is normally moist and can move relative tothe sclera upon which it rests. The space underneath the conjunctiva(such as between the conjunctiva and the sclera) is called the“subconjunctival space”.

An attempt at eye coloration that was widely reported involved eyetattooing, in which, with some 40 needle pricks, a blue ink wasintroduced into the subconjunctival space of the eye for purposes ofbody ornamentation. The methodology was dangerous and the results arestill not completely known. That is, reports of whether or not the eyetattoo volunteer went blind are pending.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,793,466 was issued to Moncada on Aug. 11, 1998 for anEYE COLOR HIGHLIGHTING CONTACT LENS that features a contact lens withpatterns of colored radial lines outside a central clear circular area.The contact lens is removable.

Several patents have been issued for surgical contrast colorationmethods that assist the surgeon in visualizing tissues of eye. U.S. Pat.No. 6,306,127 was issued to Homer on Oct. 23, 2001 for a METHOD OFALTERATION OF IRIS PIGMENTATION that features using laser beams ofvarious frequencies to destroy selected pigments in the iris and therebychange the color of the iris. U.S. Pat. No. 6,692,526 was issued toSnyder, et al., on Feb. 17, 2004 for a OPTHALMOLOGICAL SURGERY COLORANTAND DELIVERY SYSTEM that features the use of a temporary, selectivelyadministered, contrast stain in retinal and cataract surgery to aid thesurgeon in distinguishing various tissues of the eye. U.S. Pat. No.6,367,480 issued to Coroneo on Apr. 9, 2002 for METHODS FOR VISUALIZINGTHE ANTERIOR LENS CAPSULE OF THE HUMAN EYE features use of trypan bluefor enhanced visualization of the anterior lens capsule during cataractsurgery. U.S. Pat. No. 6,372,449 issued to Coroneo on Apr. 16, 2002 forOPTHALMIC METHODS AND USES features the use of trypan blue to identifymembranes and structures within the eye. U.S. Pat. No. 6,533,769 issuedto Holmen on Mar. 18, 2003 for METHOD FOR USE IN CATARACT SURGERYfeatures the use of active agents to destroy epithelial cells duringcataract surgery and provides for a dye accompanying the active agentsto assist the surgeon in visualizing the active agents duringintroduction and subsequent removal of the active agents and the dye.The existing surgical methods are primarily focused on enhancing thesurgeon's ability of visualize the tissues, are short term methods, andare not directed towards cosmetic surgery. Colored implants are known ineye surgery (see US20060036318 A1 to Foulkes published Feb. 16, 2006 and7037337 B2 to Carriazo May 2, 2006). Staining a cornea in a healthy eyeis also known (WO1995003017 to Robbins, et al., published Feb. 2, 1995).

The inventor, an ophthalmologist, has recognized a need for an improvedcosmetic eye coloring system that does not introduce the risks of eyetattooing, implanting, or corneal modification. In order to meet thoseneeds, and to solve related problems, the inventor has developed thenovel eye coloring system of the present invention.

OBJECTS AND FEATURES OF THE INVENTION

A primary object and feature of the present invention is to provide aneye coloring system that will be safe. A further primary object andfeature of the present invention is to provide such a system thatenables coloring of the sclera, the surfaces of the conjunctiva, theanterior surface of the iris, as well as the safe coloring of thesubconjunctival space. A further primary object and feature of thepresent invention is to provide such a system that does not includelasers, implants, or corneal modification. Other objects and features ofthis invention will become apparent with reference to the followingdescriptions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with a preferred embodiment hereof, this inventionprovides A method for coloring of the sclera of an eye including thesteps of: drying a portion of the surface of the sclera to be colored;applying a colorant to a portion of the dried surface of the sclera; anddrying the colorant on the at least the portion of the dried sclera. Themethod, further including a step of applying the colorant in apredetermined pattern when applying the colorant. The method, furtherincluding the step of applying a plurality of colorants after the stepof applying the colorant. The method, wherein the plurality of colorantsare applied in at least one predetermined pattern. The method, includingthe step of using a stencil. The method, further including predecessorsteps of: securing the eyelids in a spaced-apart relationship using aneyelid speculum and providing additional magnification of a portion ofthe sclera to be colored. The method, further including the step ofdissecting the conjunctiva over the portion of the sclera to be colored;The method, further including successor steps of: closing theconjunctiva over the colored portion of the sclera; applying at leastone of antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drops to the eye; and removingthe eyelid speculum. The method, wherein the colorant is sterile. Themethod, wherein the coloring includes a sterile procedure. The method,wherein the colorant includes one of a surface coating and a stain.

A method of coloring at least one portion of a sclera including thesteps of: accessing the sclera; drying a portion of a surface of thesclera; applying colorant to the dried surface of the sclera; drying theapplied colorant on the at least the portion of the dried sclera; andclosing the access to the sclera. The method, wherein the step ofaccessing the sclera includes the steps of: securing the eyelids in aspaced-apart relationship using an eyelid speculum; providing additionalmagnification of the portion of the sclera to be colored; and dissectingthe conjunctiva over the portion of the sclera to be colored. Themethod, wherein the step of drying a portion of the surface of thesclera includes drying with blown gas or drying with a surgical sponge.The method, wherein the step of applying colorant includes applying asurface coating or applying a stain. The method, wherein the step ofapplying colorant includes the step of applying the colorant in apredetermined pattern. The method, further including the steps of:applying a plurality of colorants drying the plurality of colorants. Themethod, wherein the step of drying the colorant includes drying withblown gas. The method, wherein the step of closing the access to thesclera includes the steps of: closing the conjunctiva over the coloredportion of the sclera; applying at least one of antibiotic andanti-inflammatory drops to the eye; and removing the eyelid speculum.

A method of coloring at least one portion of a sclera including thesteps of: testing for allergic reaction to at least one colorant;securing the eyelids in a spaced-apart relationship using an eyelidspeculum; providing additional magnification of the portion of thesclera to be colored; dissecting the conjunctiva over the portion of thesclera to be colored; drying a portion of a surface of the sclera of theeye with blown gas; applying the at least one colorant to the driedsurface of the sclera of the eye; drying the applied at least onecolorant on the at least the portion of the dried sclera; closing theconjunctiva over the colored portion of the sclera; applying at leastone of antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drops to the eye; and removingthe eyelid speculum.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other objects and advantages of the present invention willbecome more apparent from the following description taken in conjunctionwith the following drawings in which:

FIG. 1 shows a side elevation cross-sectional view illustrating relevantportions of an eye as a reference;

FIG. 2 shows a process flow diagram illustrating an improvedeye-coloring system, according to a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 3 shows a process flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method ofcoloring the external surface of the conjunctiva as part of an improvedeye-coloring system, according to a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 4 shows a process flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method ofsuspending colorant in the subconjunctival space as part of an improvedeye-coloring system, according to a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 5 shows a process flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method ofcoloring the sclera as part of an improved eye-coloring system,according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 shows a process flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method ofcoloring the iris as part of an improved eye-coloring system, accordingto a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 shows a process flow diagram illustrating an exemplary generalmethod of coloring a surface of the eye as part of an improvedeye-coloring system, according to a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention; and

FIG. 8 shows a process flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method ofcoloring the internal surface of the conjunctiva as part of an improvedeye-coloring system, according to a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE BEST MODES AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THEINVENTION

FIG. 1 shows a side elevation cross-sectional view illustrating relevantportions of an eye 100 as a reference. The front of the eye 100 issurrounded by the conjunctiva 102, which covers the cornea 108 and thesclera 104. Between the conjunctiva 102 and the sclera 104 or cornea 108is the subconjunctival space 103. Normally, the subconjunctival space103 is very narrow and contains a thin layer of fluid. Behind the cornea108 lies the anterior chamber 110, normally filled with an aqueoushumour. The iris 112 is a sphincter surrounding the pupil 118. The iris112 regulates the amount of light that moves through the pupil 118 tothe lens 114. Lens 114 is encapsulated and the capsule is suspended inplace by the suspensory ligaments 116. The suspensory ligaments 116 andthe iris 112 are maintained in position by the ciliary body 120. Theposterior chamber 122 is located behind the iris 112. Just beyond thecornea 108 and near the ciliary body 120 is the trabecular meshwork 124.

FIG. 2 shows a process flow diagram illustrating an improvedeye-coloring system 200, according to a preferred embodiment of thepresent invention. The step 202 includes providing necessary materialsand instruments for the following steps. Depending on the method 300,400, 500, 600, or 800 to be followed, the following materials andinstruments may be needed: topical anesthetic eye drops; injectableophthalmic anesthesia; intraocular miotic; pilocarpine eye drops;antibiotic eye drops; anti-inflammatory eye drops; cotton tipapplicators; ophthalmic operating microscope; surgical loupes; eyelidspeculum; ocular sponges; sterile gauzes; compressed gas, commerciallyavailable tank or handheld can; coloring agents, various types; paintbrush; ophthalmic lacrimal probe(s); syringes; needles, various sizes;ocular cannulas, various sizes; ophthalmic scissors; ophthalmic forceps;ophthalmic sutures, various sizes and materials; ophthalmic cautery,various kinds; surgical glue; sterile ophthalmic drape; cataract removalmachine (phacoemulsification (“phaco”) machine); sterile tubing forabove machine; infusion/aspiration probe for above machine; and balancedsalt solution. Following step 202, any one particular step 300, 400,500, 600, or 800, or any combination of two or more of steps 300, 400,500, 600, or 800, may be performed. Each of these steps 300, 400, 500,600, or 800 will be described in more detail below. Step 700 is ageneralization of the surface-coloring steps 300, 500, 600, and 800.Some inadvertent surface coloring may occur in step 400. Surfacecoloring may include surface coating. Step 204 includes equipmentcleaning, disposal of surgical waste, putting away unused portions ofcolorant, and other steps needed to secure the medical facility andprovide post-surgical care for the patient.

FIG. 3 shows a process flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method 300of coloring the external surface of the conjunctiva 102 as part of animproved eye-coloring system 200, according to a preferred embodiment ofthe present invention. Step 302 includes identification of the area ofthe external surface of the conjunctiva 102 to be colored, selection ofany pattern that may be used, and selection of the colors to be used.Step 302 may also include testing for allergic reaction to any of thecolorants selected. In step 304, the eye 100 is anesthetized in waysknown in the art of ophthalmic surgery. Minimally intrusive anestheticmethods are preferred, but consideration of patient allergies andsensitivities is also important. Preferably, a topical anesthetic, suchas tetracaine 1% is used in step 304. A deeper anesthesia may bedeveloped by soaking a cotton-tipped applicator and then placing thesoaked swab in contact with the conjunctiva 102 for a time. In step 306,the eyelids are secured in an open, or spaced apart, position using aneyelid speculum.

The selected portion of the surface of the conjunctiva 102 is dried instep 308, using a sponge or blown dry gas. The dry gas may be a singlegas, such as nitrogen, or a mixture of gasses, such as air. In step 310,sterile colorant is applied to the dried external surface of theconjunctiva 102. Application of the sterile colorant may be by any typeof applicator including, without limitation, droppers, swabs, brushes,pens, and sprayers. A stencil may be used during step 310. Colorants,because they are being introduced to the eye 100, are preferablysterile. In step 312, the colorant is dried on the external surface ofthe conjunctiva 102. Step 312 may include removing excess colorant bysponge and then using blown dry gas to dry the colorant. Once thecolorant has dried, the eyelids are released by removal of the eyelidspeculum in step 314. Antibiotic and/or anti-inflammatory drops may begiven in step 316 either after the eyelid speculum is removed, as shown,or before the eyelid speculum is removed. Step 318 may include a periodof observation for any sensitivity, and verification that eyesight hasnot been impaired.

Those of skill in the art, enlightened by the present disclosure, willappreciate that various colorants may be applied to various portions ofthe external surface of the conjunctiva 102 to form patterns. Likewise,those of skill in the art, enlightened by the present disclosure, willappreciate that the colorants may be permanent, such as inks used intattooing, or temporary, such as food coloring.

The method 300 of the present invention represents an improvement overeye tattooing, in that it requires no needle insertions into the eye100. The method 300 of the present invention represents an improvementover surgical contrast dying in that method 300 may be permanent and iscosmetic.

FIG. 4 shows a process flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method 400of suspending colorant in the subconjunctival space 103 as part of animproved eye-coloring system 200, according to a preferred embodiment ofthe present invention. Step 402 includes identification of the area ofthe external surface of the conjunctiva 102 to be colored, selection ofany pattern that may be used, and selection of the colors to be used.Step 402 may also include testing for allergic reaction to any of thecolorants selected. In step 304, the eye 100 is anesthetized in waysdescribed above. In step 306, the eyelids are secured in an openposition using an eyelid speculum. In step 404, the sterile colorantsolution is prepared by, for example, dilution with a balanced saltsolution to achieve the desired color saturation. The prepared colorantis drawn into a syringe in step 406 having an approximately 30-gaugeneedle and slowly injected into the subconjunctival space 103 at asingle site in step 408. While the colorant is being injected, pressureis applied 410 with a cotton-tipped applicator or equivalent, topressure the prepared colorant solution to move within thesubconjunctival space 103 to spread the colorant solution completelythrough the subconjunctival space 103 or to form a pattern in thesubconjunctival space 103. The steps 404, 406, 408, and 410 may berepeated for various colors in the course of one step 400. Once thecolorant has been positioned, the eyelids are released by removal of theeyelid speculum in step 314. Antibiotic and/or anti-inflammatory dropsmay be given in step 316 either after the eyelid speculum is removed, asshown, or before the eyelid speculum is removed. Step 412 may include aperiod of observation for any sensitivity, and verification thateyesight has not been impaired. Subconjunctival space 103 is anintraocular space.

Those of skill in the art will appreciate that suspending colorant inthe subconjunctival space 103 may cause coloration of the internalsurface of the conjunctiva 102 and of the outer surface of the sclera104. If the colorant used contains various pigments that are taken updifferentially by the internal surface of the conjunctiva 102 and theouter surface of the sclera 104, interesting results may be obtained. Ina particular embodiment of the method, a first colored pattern may beestablished in the subconjunctival space 103 as a background, and asecond colored pattern may be established on the external surface of theconjunctiva 102 as a foreground image, with the combination producingstriking results. For example, and without limitation, a sun-ray patternin gold, with smooth reflective particles in the gold colorant may beestablished in the subconjunctival space 103 and a pale blue colorantmay be established on the external surface of the conjunctiva 102,creating one visual effect (from the perspective of another) in brightlight and another visual effect in dim light. Those of skill in the artof color overlays, enlightened by this disclosure, will appreciate thevast number of overlay patterns that may be achieved on the human eye100.

The method 400 of the present invention represents an improvement overeye tattooing, in that it requires only one needle insertion for eachcolored area, and not the 40 needle insertions used in tattooing. Themethod 400 of the present invention represents an improvement oversurgical contrast dying in that method 400 may be permanent and iscosmetic.

FIG. 5 shows a process flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method 500of coloring the sclera 104 as part of an improved eye-coloring system200, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Step502 includes identification of the area of the external surface of thesclera 104 to be colored, selection of any pattern that may be used, andselection of the colors to be used. Step 502 may also include testingfor allergic reaction to any of the colorants selected. In step 304, theeye 100 is anesthetized in ways described above. In some embodiments,standard retro bulbar or peribulbar anesthesia may be used similar toother eye surgeries. In step 306, the eyelids are secured in an openposition using an eyelid speculum. In step 504, the physician employs asurgical microscope to more precisely observe steps 506, 508, 509, 312,and 510. In step 506, the conjunctiva 102 is dissected to expose theportion of the surface of the sclera 104 to be colored. Step 506 may beaccomplished using Westcot scissors with forceps or equivalent surgicaltechnique. In step 508, the surface of the sclera 104 to be colored isdried, using a sponge or blown dry gas. In step 509, sterile colorant isapplied to the dried surface of the sclera 104 and then the colorant isdried in step 312, as discussed more fully above. After the colorant hasdried 509, the conjunctiva 102 is closed 510 over the site or sitesusing standard ophthalmic techniques, such as suturing, cautery, medicalglue, and the like. Once the conjunctiva 102 has been closed 510, theeyelids are released by removal of the eyelid speculum in step 314.Antibiotic and/or anti-inflammatory drops may be given in step 316either after the eyelid speculum is removed, as shown, or before theeyelid speculum is removed. Step 512 includes all steps necessary toverify the finished procedure and to secure the surgical environment. Acolorant may be a stain or a surface coating.

Those of skill in the art, enlightened by the present invention, willappreciate the vast number of combinations of techniques that may beemployed. For example, and without limitation, a colored background orpattern may be first established on the sclera 104 using method 500.After the sclera 104 has healed, a colorant that is at least partiallytransparent but which contains smooth reflective particles may besuspended in the subconjunctival space 103 using method 400, and acolored pattern may be established on the front surface of theconjunctiva 102 to provide a decorative cosmetic effect.

The method 500 is an improvement over eye tattooing because it colorsthe sclera 104 without tattooing.

FIG. 6 shows a process flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method 600of coloring the iris 112 as part of an improved eye-coloring system 200,according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Step 602includes identification of the area of the external surface of the iris112 to be colored, selection of any pattern that may be used, andselection of the colors to be used. Step 602 may also include testingfor allergic reaction to any of the colorants selected. In step 304, theeye 100 is anesthetized in ways discussed above, including standardretro bulbar or peribulbar anesthesia. In step 306, the eyelids aresecured in an open position using an eyelid speculum. In step 604, asurgical microscope or surgical loupe is used to provide magnification.In step 606, the pupil 118 is constricted. Preferably, the pupil 118 isconstricted pre-operatively with pilocarpine drops. In an alternativeembodiment of the method 600, an interoperative miotic, such as Miocholis used for step 606. In step 608, two incisions are made into theanterior chamber 110 on opposite sides of the cornea 108. An air bubbleis injected into the anterior chamber 110 to displace the aqueoushumour, which is removed 610 from the angle of the anterior chamber 110and near the edge of pupil 118 using a small gauge cannula. Care isexercised to avoid damage to other intraocular structures such as thelens 114, the cornea 108, and trabecular meshwork 124. Anterior chamber110 is an intraocular space.

In step 612, the surface of the iris 112 is dried. To accomplish drying612 of the iris 112, a probe, similar to those used to infuse andaspirate fluid in cataract surgery, is used to infuse dry gas into theanterior chamber 110 and to aspirate the dry gas at the same time. Theflow rates of infusion and aspiration are regulated to maintaininflation of the anterior chamber 110. A phaco machine, known in the artof ophthalmic surgery, may be used to provide the infusion andaspiration of dry gas. In an alternative embodiment, the supply of drygas may come from a commercially available tank, through a regulatorcoupled to the tank. Standard tubing may be used to connect the gassupply to the probe in the eye 100. Over-inflation of the anteriorchamber 110, as well as under inflation of the anterior chamber 110, isto be avoided. The probe is manipulated with one hand to aim the blowingdry gas onto the surface to be colored and, thereby, to dry thatsurface. The drying 612 is done only to the extent that is required, inthe physician's judgment, to limit the colorant from running whenapplied 614 to the surface. Drying 612 should not desiccate or damagethe iris 112. A colorant may be a stain or a surface coating.

In step 614, the colorant is applied to the dried surface of the iris112. Preferably, a lacrimal probe, known in the art of ophthalmicsurgery, is held in the surgeon's other hand and used to apply thesterile colorant to the surface of the iris 112. The gas infusion probeis used to dry the colorant, in step 616, immediately after it isapplied. Once the colorant is applied and dried, the lacrimal probe isremoved. The gas in the eye 100 is gently exchanged with balanced saltsolution to maintain inflation of the anterior chamber 110. Theintraocular pressure is checked and finally established in the correctphysiologic range. In step 622 antibiotic and/or anti-inflammatory dropsare placed on the eye 100, and the eyelids are released in step 624 byremoving the eyelid speculum.

Those of skill in the art, enlightened by the present invention, willappreciate the coloring and patterning schemes that may be used on aniris 112, and many practical, as well as decoratively cosmetic, purposesfor this invention. Those of skill in the art, enlightened by thepresent invention, will appreciate that the infusion and aspirationtechnique described for coloring the iris 112 is an alternate techniquefor coloring the inside surface of the conjunctiva 102 and/or theoutside surface of the sclera 104, by inflating the subconjunctivalspace 103 and applying colorant to the interior of the inflated area.

Method 600 is an improvement over eye tattooing because the iris cannotbe tattooed.

FIG. 7 shows a process flow diagram illustrating an exemplary generalmethod 700 of coloring a surface of the eye 100 as part of an improvedeye-coloring system 200, according to a preferred embodiment of thepresent invention. The coloration of any eye surface begins withpreparatory step 702, which subsumes the preparatory steps 302, 502,602, and 802. Steps 304 perform the same function throughout, althoughthere are different specific techniques for different levels ofinvasiveness of the procedure. Steps 306 are the same throughout,although none require any particular model or type of eyelid speculum.Each method 300, 400, 500, 600, and 800 requires gaining surgical access704 to the surface to be colored. The complexity of this step varieswith the method 300, 400, 500, 600, or 800, but all methods requiregaining access 704. In each method 300, 500, 600, and 800, the surfaceto be colored must be dried 706. In method 400, a portion of thecolorant may adhere to the interior surface of the conjunctiva 102 andto the outer surface of the sclera 104. In any event, the facingsurfaces of the sclera 104 and conjunctiva 102 are accessed in method400 even if only to create the subconjunctival space 103 that holds thecolorant. Step 706 subsumes various drying techniques, including thosedescribed above relating to steps 308, 508, 612, and 804 such as blowngas, sponge, or blotter techniques. Step 706 is not used in method 400.Step 708 subsumes steps 310 (used in method 300, 500, and 800) and 614,as well as various additional application techniques appropriate to thisinvention. Step 710 subsumes steps 312 (used in method 300, 500, and800) and 616, as well as various additional colorant drying techniquesappropriate to this invention. In step 712, access to the surface isclosed. Step 712 subsumes steps 314, 510, 618 & 620, and 806, as well asvarious additional closure techniques appropriate to this invention.Step 314 performs the same function throughout methods 300, 400, 500,600, and 800, although the particular type, composition, andconcentration of antibiotic drops or anti-inflammatory drops may vary.Step 316 performs the same function throughout methods 300, 400, 500,600, and 800. Step 710 has the same function as steps 318, 412, 512,626, and 804, although the particulars may vary.

Method 700 is an improvement over eye tattooing because the colorant isapplied to a surface, rather then injected.

FIG. 8 shows a process flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method 800of coloring the internal surface of the conjunctiva 102 as part of animproved eye-coloring system 200, according to a preferred embodiment ofthe present invention. Preparatory step 802 is similar to thepreparations in step 502, with the possible exception of the selectionof colorant type. Steps 304 and 306 are discussed above under method500. In step 504, magnification is provided for improving visualizationof the site. In step 506, the conjunctiva 102 is dissected and laid opento show its underside. The surface of the underside of the conjunctiva102 is dried, in step 508, using blown dry gas or a sponge. In step 805,sterile colorant is applied to the interior, or underside, surface ofthe conjunctiva 102. The colorant is then dried in step 312, usinggently blown dry gas and optionally, a sponge or blotter. Theconjunctiva 102 is closed in step 806, using known surgical closures.Steps 314 and step 316 are as previously described. The method ends withstep 808, which may include verification of the patient's eyesight andsecuring the surgical environment. A colorant may be a stain or asurface coating.

Method 800 is an improvement over eye tattooing because it enablescoloring only the interior surface of the conjunctiva 102 and does notrequire 40 needle insertions.

All of the methods 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 are improvementsover surgical contrast coloring because surgical contrast coloring isnot permanent, patterned, or cosmetic. All of the methods 300, 400, 500,600, 700, and 800 are distinct from tattooing an ossified cornea 108,because the methods 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 can be used on eyes100 that are not blind and do not modify the cornea 108. All of themethods 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 are preferably sterileprocedures and are steps of improved eye-coloring system 200. The stepsof each method 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 are preferably used incombination and in order to achieve the desired results. Each method300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 engages colorant on natural surfaces ofthe eye 100 and none require destruction or removal of eye tissues.

Although the present inventor has described his preferred embodiments ofthis invention, it will be understood that the broadest scope of thisinvention includes modifications such as variations in the patterns andcolors as well as some variation in ophthalmic surgical equipment andsupplies. For example, and without limitation, the teachings of thisdisclosure may be applied to mammalian eyes generally. Likewise, theteachings of this disclosure may be applied for cosmetic surgery torecover normal appearance lost to accident or diseases of the eye.Further, the teachings of this disclosure may be applied toidentification markings, such as may be colored onto the conjunctiva 102inside the lower eyelid. Such scope is limited only by the below claimsas read in connection with the above specification. Further, many otheradvantages of applicant's invention will be apparent to those skilled inthe art from the above descriptions and the below claims.

1. A method for coloring of the sclera of a living human eye comprisingthe steps of: a. drying at least a portion of such surface of suchsclera of such human eye to be colored; b. applying a colorant to atleast a portion of said dried surface of such sclera; and c. drying saidcolorant on said at least said portion of said dried sclera.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising a step of applying said colorantin a predetermined pattern when applying said colorant.
 3. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising the step of applying a plurality ofcolorants after the step of applying said colorant.
 4. The method ofclaim 3, wherein said plurality of colorants are applied in at least onepredetermined pattern.
 5. The method of claim 4, comprising the step ofusing a stencil.
 6. The method of claim 1, further comprisingpredecessor steps of: a. securing such eyelids in a spaced-apartrelationship using an eyelid speculum; and b. providing additionalmagnification of a portion of such sclera to be colored.
 7. The methodof claim 6, further comprising the step of dissecting such conjunctivaover said portion of such sclera to be colored.
 8. The method of claim1, further comprising successor steps of: a. closing the conjunctivaover said colored portion of such sclera; b. applying at least one ofantibiotic and anti-inflammatory drops to such eye; and c. removing saideyelid speculum.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said colorant issterile.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein said coloring includes asterile procedure.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein said colorantincludes one of a surface coating and a surface stain.
 12. A method ofcoloring at least one portion of a sclera of a living human eyecomprising the steps of: a. accessing such sclera of such human eye; b.drying a portion of a surface of such sclera; c. applying colorant tosaid dried surface of such sclera; d. drying said applied colorant onsaid at least said portion of said dried sclera; and e. closing saidaccess to such sclera.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the step ofaccessing such sclera includes the steps of: a. securing such eyelids ina spaced-apart relationship using an eyelid speculum; b. providingadditional magnification of said portion of such sclera to be colored;and c. dissecting such conjunctiva over said portion of such sclera tobe colored.
 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of drying aportion of such surface of such sclera includes at least one of dryingwith blown gas and drying with a surgical sponge.
 15. The method ofclaim 12, wherein the step of applying colorant includes at least one ofapplying a surface coating and applying a surface stain.
 16. The methodof claim 12, wherein the step of applying colorant includes the step ofapplying said colorant in a predetermined pattern.
 17. The method ofclaim 12, further comprising the steps of: a. applying a plurality ofcolorants; and b. drying said plurality of colorants.
 18. The method ofclaim 12, wherein the step of drying said colorant includes drying withblown gas.
 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of closing saidaccess to such sclera includes the steps of: a. closing the conjunctivaover said colored portion of such sclera; b. applying at least one ofantibiotic and anti-inflammatory drops to such eye; and c. removing saideyelid speculum.
 20. A method of coloring at least one portion of asclera of a living human eye comprising the steps of: a. testing forallergic reaction to at least one colorant; b. securing such eyelids ina spaced-apart relationship using an eyelid speculum; c. providingadditional magnification of said portion of such sclera to be colored;d. dissecting such conjunctiva over said portion of such sclera to becolored; e. drying a portion of a surface of such sclera of such eyewith blown gas; f. applying said at least one colorant to said driedsurface of such sclera of such eye; g. drying said applied at least onecolorant on said at least said portion of said dried sclera; h. closingthe conjunctiva over said colored portion of such sclera; i. applying atleast one of antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drops to such eye; and j.removing said eyelid speculum.